Healing is a universal human concern, yet the ways in which we heal vary immensely across cultures. Anthropologists have documented diverse systems of healing—from village shamans and herbalists to acupuncture, energy medicine, and spiritual rituals—each offering its own theory of illness, its own patient-healer roles, and its own symbolic actions for recovery. What unites these systems is a shared structure: a defined explanation of affliction, a trusted healer, specific healing

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a key factor in leadership success, often surpassing IQ, emotional intelligence (EQ), or lived experience in diverse and complex environments. CQ is more than just understanding different cultures—it is a structured form of intelligence made up of four key components: CQ Drive (motivation), CQ Knowledge (understanding cultural differences), CQ Strategy (planning and adapting), and CQ Action (effective behavior). Leaders who develop these skills are better equipped